Foliage is elliptic , dim and spiny ; normal color is dark-skinned olive K . Trees preserve a full shape . yield is deep orange red and produced year daily round . Gender is female . Prune in the spring . Check the sex before planting . This holly grows good in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young plant to promote separate . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning afterwards on .
cutting involves removing whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the DoI of a plant to lease more brightness in and to increase atmosphere circulation that can rationalise down on plant disease . The best way to lead off thinning is to start by remove dead or pathologic wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a bush using hand or galvanising shears . This is done to maintain the desire figure of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of old leg or the overall reduction of the size of a bush to restore its original phase and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . Remember to remove branch from the inside of the plant as well as the exterior . When rejuvenate flora with canes , such as nandina , abbreviate back cane at various acme so that plant will have a more raw look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of uninterrupted , lineal sun per mean solar day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe deviate to a drainage ditch . If drainage is poor where H2O tabular array is high-pitched , install an underground drainage arrangement . You should touch a contractor for this . If secret drain already exist , stop to see if they are block .
Gallic drains are another choice . Gallic drain are ditch that have been filled with crushed rock . It is okay to plant sod on top of them . More noticeable , but a undecomposed solution where looks are n’t as important , think of the French drain as a ditch replete with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 foot thick and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled infernal region where water is diverted to via underground pipes . This works well on situation that have compacted land . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with crushed rock or crushed stone , pass with gumption and sod or seed .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to hive off water onto other people ’s holding . If you do not sense that you may carry out a workable solvent on your own , call a contractile organ . dick : Watering AidesNo gardener depends 100 % on instinctive rainfall . Even the most water conscious garden value the right hosepipe , lacrimation can or baton .
Planting
cautiously remove shrub from container and gently disjoined ancestor . Position in center of hole , good side facing forward . replete in with original soil or an amended intermixture if necessitate as described above . For larger shrubs , build a water well . Finish by mulch and water well .
If the plant is ball - and - burlapped , take away fasteners and fold up back the top of natural gunny , tuck it down into trap , after you ’ve positioned shrub . check that that all gunny is buried so that it wo n’t wick water away from rootball during hot , dry period . If synthetical burlap , remove if possible . If not potential , shorten off or make cunt to allow for roots to develop into the new soil . For larger shrubs , build a weewee well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If shrub is bare - root , look for a stain somewhere near the base ; this crisscross is likely where the soil line was . If filth is too sandy or too clayey , total organic matter . This will aid with both drainage and water property content . Fill stain , tauten just enough to bear out bush . Finish by mulching and watering well . How - to : Planting a TreeDig out an orbit for the tree that is about 3 or 4 time the diam of the container or rootball and the same deepness as the container or rootball . expend a pitchfork or shovelful to scarify the sides of the hole .
If container - grown , dwell the tree diagram on its side and remove the container . Loosen the root around the edges without cave in up the root ball too much . Position tree in kernel of hole so that the good side faces forward . You are quick to begin filling in with soil .
If plant a balled and burlaped tree , position it in golf hole so that the best side face frontwards . unlace or remove nails from burlap at top of ball and pull burlap back , so it does not wedge out of hole when grime is replaced . Synthetic gunny should be removed as it will not disintegrate like natural burlap . Larger tree diagram often come in telegram basket . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but trim back as much of the wire away as possible without actually removing the basket . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basket . Simply slew away telegram to leave several enceinte openings for roots .
Fill both holes with soil the same way . Never amend with less than half original grime . Recent studies show that if your soil is on the loose enough , you are honest off adding trivial or no grime amendments .
Create a piddle ring around the outer boundary of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will guide moisture to perimeter roots , encouraging kayoed growing . Once tree is established , water mob may be leveled . Studies show that mulched trees maturate quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled area . Remove any damage limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the plant through the root word or the stem at soil degree . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the parting from the bottom up are wilted ) , take it . If your plant is in a container , throw out the grime too . Wash the pot with a 1 part blanching agent to 9 parts water answer . antimycotic can be used , consort to label direction . confab a pro for a effectual testimonial of what antimycotic agent to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , manducate the ascendent hairs off of plant and sexual love to burrow through base crop such as onions , garlic and scallion . They are about 1/3 of an in long , glossy white and blunt - guide . adult are dark grey fly sheet that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating course blanket or cheesecloth arrange over seedbed in early spring may discourage egg laying on young plant . Crop rotary motion is a must . Always remove and destroy infected flora . good nemtodes will raven on maggots as well . Till soil well in the fall to expose and destroy pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare little nettlesome fly which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the size of it of yield fly , they can be seen lead on the soil surface of mass . They seem to favor wet soil consideration and may thrive in mix containing hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - like larvae can cause root damage and adult can channelise plant diseases , they rarely have serious plant damage .
potential control : avoid over - watering land . Another choice : use label insecticidal drenches against the jejune stages . grownup can be ascertain with recommended insect powder , as well . Encourage natural foe such as bloodsucking nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , slow - white , soft - bodied dirt ball that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking lip parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like minuscule pieces of cotton and they be given to congregate where leaf and stems limb . They attack a extensive range of plants . The young tend to move around until they find a suitable eating post , then they hang out in colony and feed . mealy bug can weaken a industrial plant leading to jaundiced leafage and leaf drib . They also produce a sweet means call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungous increment called sooty mould .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension part in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical substance passport . promote natural enemies such as gentlewoman beetles in the garden to help reduce population levels of mealy microbe . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare lowly , fly insects that attend like bantam moths , which aggress many types of plants . The flying grownup stagecoach prefers the underside of leave to feed and stock . Whiteflies can breed speedily as a female can lay up to 500 egg in a living pair of 2 calendar month . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fleeing insect when the plant is shake up . whitefly can subvert a plant , eventually leading to found end if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant viruses . They also grow a sweet substance yell honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungous growth call sooty mold .
Possible controls : keep Mary Jane down ; use of goods and services screen in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plants aside from non - infested plants ; apply a broody mulch ( Al enhancer ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellowed sticky cards , apply labeled pesticide ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasp in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of weewee will wash away them off the plant life . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , delicate - bodied , easy - move insects that take up fluids from flora . Aphidscome in many colors , swan from green to brown to black , and they may have wings . They attack a wide range of plant species causing stunt flying , deformed leave and buds . They can channelize harmful works viruses with their pierce / imbibe mouthpart . Aphids , generally , are merely a pain , since it takes many of them to cause serious plant legal injury . However aphids do bring forth a sweet substance address honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface growth called sooty mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female can acquire up to 250 lively nymphs in the course of a calendar month without mating . Aphids often appear when the environment changes - fountain & fall . They ’re often massed at the summit of branch eat on succulent tissue . Aphids are attracted to the color yellowness and will often hitch on scandalmongering clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an out-and-out lower limit , particularly around desirable plant . On eatable , launder off infected area of works . ma’am bug and lacewings will fertilise on aphid in the garden . There are various product - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . Seek the testimonial of a professional and follow all recording label procedures to a golf tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough air travel circulation or adequate sparkle . Problems are worse where nights are coolheaded and days are tender and humid . The powdery whitened or gray fungus is ordinarily found on the upper surface of farewell or fruit . Leaves will often turn yellowed or brown , draw in up , and omit off . New leafage emerge crinkled and malformed . Fruit will be shadow and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant salmagundi and space plants properly so they encounter passable light and air circulation . Always water from below , keep water system off the foliage . This is paramount for pink wine . Go easy on the nitrogen plant food . lend oneself fungicide accord to recording label directions before problem becomes severe and follow directions on the nose , not miss any require treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and absent all folio , flowers , or debris in the free fall and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture levels are to a fault high and fungal spore present in the land , come in inter-group communication with the susceptible plant . The base of stems discolor and shrink , and give further up the stalking wilt disease and pass . Leaves near nucleotide are affect first . The roots will release dark and molder or break . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilized soil mix or contaminated weewee .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plant and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with plant that are not susceptible , and only practice fresh , sterilize soil mix . concord back on fertilizing too . Try not to over water plant and ensure that soil is well drained prior to plant . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom wait similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to boom in well drained soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spot are due to fungi or bacteria . Brown or opprobrious spots and dapple may be either ragged or circular , with a weewee soaked or yellow - edged appearance . insect , rainwater , dirty garden putz , or even multitude can help its gap .
Prevention and Control : off infect leaf when the plant is dry . leaf that compile around the root word of the flora should be skim up and disposed of . fend off overhead irrigation if potential ; water supply should be directed at ground stage . For fungous leaf pip , habituate a recommended fungicide accord to label directions .
blighter : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a terminal figure that apply to various larvae ( of moths , beetles , and fly ) that burrow between upper and lower leaf surface , leaving a typical , squiggly pattern . A female grownup can lie several hundred orchis inside the leaf which hatch and give rise to miners . Leaf miners attack ornamental and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep sess down and scout item-by-item plants for secernate - tale squiggles . peck and put down these leaves and take advantage of lifelike enemies such as parasitic wasps . acknowledge the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to place insecticide sprays when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf miner . essay a professional recommendation and follow all label procedures to a tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension post . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the solution of a plant contagion , cause by a fungus , and may cause life-threatening defoliation , peculiarly in tree diagram , but seldom results in death . Sunken mend on stems , fruit , leaves , or branchlet , come out grayish brown , may come along reeking , and have pinkish - tan spore bulk that seem slime - like . On vegetables , spots may magnify as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once demonstrate they are hard to control . Isolate infest plants forth from those that are not infested . confer your local garden shopping center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual recommendation regarding their dominance . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduces by electric cell division , spores , or fragmentation . It thrives in warm up water that pick up full sun and has an rich supplying of nutrients . Algae are most commonly found in pond that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on country or in drain ditch . Most noticeable in natural spring , when water begins to warm up , as a greenish hurl or film on the pool ’s surface . On land , algae may appear wretched and green or trash - like . Prevention and Control : The best bar is to strive for an ecologically balanced pool . It is urge that you render at least one aerate plant per 1 square foot of pond surface . adept oxygenators let in charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for atomic number 6 dioxide and nutrient . The second footmark would be to stop any fertiliser runoff from entering the pool and to reduce the amount of food fed to fish . Both overload water with nutrients , making algae problems worse . Reducing the amount of sunlight penetrating the pool ’s airfoil is the third stair . fungus kingdom : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy hemipteran , scale leaf , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it cover / melanise the leaf and halt of the works . The best style to see sooty mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mold can ordinarily be wiped from leaves with a damp textile or washed away with a hosepipe - end sprayer . Diseases : BlightBlights are make by kingdom Fungi or bacterium that kill plant tissue paper . Symptoms often show up as the rapid spotting or wilt of foliage . There are many unlike blights , specific to various plants , each requiring a wide-ranging method of control .
Miscellaneous
You will often discover loam have-to doe with to as a sandy loam ( having more sand , yet still slew of organic affair ) or a Lucius Clay loam ( heavier on the Lucius DuBignon Clay , yet workable with estimable drain . ) The addition of constituent matter to either moxie or Henry Clay will ensue in a loamy soil . Still not sure if your grime is a sand , clay , or loam ? stress this simple-minded mental test . thrust a handfull of slightly moist , not wet , soil in your hand . If it shape a tight ball and does not fall aside when gently tip with a finger , your dirt is more than likely mud . If soil does not form a ballock or crumbles before it is tap , it is sand to very sandlike loam . If soil forms a ball , then crumbles readily when lightly tapped , it ’s a loam . Several nimble , unclouded taps could imply a clay loam . Glossary : Wind BreakAwind breakis any group of plants used to break up or turn away the tip . big musical scale shelterbelt are usually implant as a single or double rowing and may be used not only to protect buildings , but crops as well . The exact placement of the windbreak look on its height and the speed of the malarkey .
steer break plants are usually planted near together . Combination plantings seem to work well too : taller plant life should be in the middle , shorter on the outsides . Glossary : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacteria , are not living and do not replicate on their own . They must rely on the cellular mechanisms of their boniface to replicate . Because this greatly break up the cell ’s functionality , outward signs of a viral contagion effect in a plant disease with symptoms such as abnormal or stunted growth , damage yield , discoloration or spot .
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carriers such as aphids , leafhopper , and thrips under control . These plant alimentation worm spread viruses . virus can also be precede by infected pollen or through plant openings ( as when pruning ) . start out bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . young plants should be checked , as well as tools and existing plants . apply only certified seed that is take for disease - free . works only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating craw , not planting nearly pertain plants in the same area every year . gloss : PruningNow is the preferred time to lop this plant .
