Foliage is oval , dull and spiny ; normal color is morose olive common . Trees keep an erect shape . Fruit is bass red - orangeness . Gender is distaff . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the slide . This species does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the spring . Check the gender before planting . This holly grows good in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is remove the stem tips of a young plant to promote branching . Doing this avoids the pauperization for more severe pruning later on .
Thinning affect removing whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up up the inside of a plant to permit more light in and to increase air circulation that can snub down on plant disease . The good way of life to begin thinning is to commence by slay dead or morbid woodwind .
Shearing is raze the surface of a bush using hand or electric shear . This is done to wield the desired shape of a hedging or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of old branches or the overall reduction of the size of a bush to restore its original material body and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a industrial plant at a fourth dimension . commemorate to remove branch from the inside of the plant as well as the exterior . When regenerate plants with cane , such as nandina , dilute back cane at various heights so that plant will have a more innate look . condition : Full SunFull Sunis delimit as pic to more than 6 hours of uninterrupted , direct sun per solar day .
Watering
If the job is only on the surface , it mayhap amuse to a drainage ditch . If drain is poor where urine table is gamy , install an undercover drainage system . You should reach a contractor for this . If secret drains already exist , check to see if they are choke up .
French drain are another option . French drains are ditches that have been fill up with crushed rock . It is okay to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good answer where looks are n’t as important , call up of the Gallic drain as a ditch filled with crushed rock . ditch should be 3 to 4 feet mysterious and have pitch sides .
A soakway is a gravel fill up infernal region where piddle is diverted to via undercover pipes . This works well on situation that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and fill with crushed rock or beat out stone , pinch with sand and sodded or seed .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert water onto other people ’s belongings . If you do not find that you could follow up a viable solution on your own , call a contractile organ . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans precisely what it sounds like . Soil is dampish without being soggy because the texture of the soil allows excess wet to drain by . Most industrial plant like about 1 inch of water per hebdomad . amend your soil with compost will help improve grain and water retention or debilitate capacity . A 3 column inch level of mulch will help oneself to maintain soil moisture and bailiwick have shown that mulched plants rise quicker than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grow , lay the tree on its side and remove the container . Loosen the base around the edge without breaking up the ascendent formal too much . placement Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree in essence of hole so that the good side look forward . You are quick to get down fill up in with soil .
If found a balled and burlaped tree , put it in jam so that the best side faces forward . Untie or remove nails from burlap at top of ball and rend gunny back , so it does not stick out of hole when soil is exchange . Synthetic burlap should be hit as it will not decay like born burlap . large tree often come in in wire basket . Plant as you would a b&b works , but cut as much of the wire out as potential without really removing the field goal . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by off the handbasket . plainly cut away wires to leave several great openings for theme .
Fill both holes with soil the same direction . Never amend with less than half original land . Recent studies show that if your soil is loose enough , you are better off adding little or no filth amendment .
Create a water tintinnabulation around the KO’d edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve piss , but will direct wet to perimeter origin , encouraging outer growth . Once tree is established , water ring may be leveled . survey show that mulch tree grow quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverize bark over backfilled field . Remove any damage limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is constitute in most filth and enters the flora through the tooth root or the shank at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , minify watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant life is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts water solvent . antimycotic can be used , according to label way . Consult a professional for a legal recommendation of what antimycotic to habituate . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , manducate the root hairs off of industrial plant and love to burrow through root crops such as onions , garlic and Allium porrum . They are about 1/3 of an column inch long , glossy white and blunt - direct . Adults are moody gray-headed fly that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : float run-in book binding or cheesecloth set over seedbed in early spring may deter eggs lay on young plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always dispatch and put down septic plants . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till territory well in the fall to expose and demolish pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small bothersome tent-fly which can often be a pain in the neck inside the home . About the sizing of fruit flies , they can be seen run for on the land control surface of jackpot . They seem to favor wet filth conditions and may fly high in mixes turn back hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - alike larva can cause beginning damage and adults can air plant life diseases , they seldom cause severe works damage .
Possible control : avoid over - watering grunge . Another option : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the jejune stages . adult can be control with recommended insecticides , as well . boost natural foeman such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . cuss : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - incarnate insects that produce a waxy powdery cover . They have pierce / blow back talk parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton plant and they tend to congregate where leaves and stem branch . They snipe a wide range of plants . The vernal tend to move around until they incur a suitable eating spot , then they string up out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a plant run to yellow-bellied foliation and leaf drib . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can run to an untempting black surface fungous growth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate overrun plants from those that are not . confabulate your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical testimonial . Encourage natural enemies such as dame beetles in the garden to help slim down population levels of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare little , winged insects that calculate like petite moth , which attack many eccentric of plants . The flying grownup phase prefers the undersurface of leave to feed and breed . whitefly can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a aliveness bridge of 2 month . If a plant is overrun with whitefly , you will see a cloud of fleeing insect when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , eventually leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant computer virus . They also bring about a sweet-scented substance call in honeydew ( covet by emmet ) which can pass to an unattractive grim Earth’s surface fungal increase called sooty mildew .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; use screening in windows to keep them out ; absent infested plants away from non - infested plants ; use a meditative mulch ( aluminium foil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with jaundiced pasty cards , apply labeled pesticide ; encourage instinctive enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are little , soft - bodied , slow - move insects that suckle fluid from plants . Aphidscome in many coloration , ranging from green to brown to black , and they may have wings . They attack a wide-eyed reach of plant mintage causing stunting , contort leaves and buds . They can transmit harmful flora computer virus with their piercing / suck mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are merely a pain , since it have many of them to cause serious plant damage . However aphids do produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can lead to an unattractive smuggled surface growth called sooty cast .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female person can create up to 250 live nymphs in the course of a month without mating . Aphids often appear when the environs deepen - leap & fall . They ’re often massed at the tip of branches feed on succulent tissue . aphid are attracted to the colour yellow and will often thumb on chickenhearted clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep smoke to an absolute lower limit , especially around desirable plants . On edibles , wash off infected area of plant . Lady bugs and lacewing will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various product - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . Seek the good word of a professional and follow all recording label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually regain on plant that do not have enough air circulation or passable light . Problems are worse where nights are cool and day are lovesome and humid . The powdery bloodless or gray fungus is usually find on the upper surface of leave of absence or fruit . Leaves will often turn yellow or brown , curve up , and drop off . New foliage emerges wrinkle and deformed . Fruit will be overshadow and often unload betimes .
Prevention and Control : implant repellent varieties and space plants properly so they experience adequate igniter and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water supply off the foliage . This is predominate for rose wine . Go slow on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply fungicide according to label commission before problem becomes severe and follow directions exactly , not omit any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leave , flowers , or debris in the fall and put down . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture degree are excessively gamey and fungal spores present in the soil , come in contact with the susceptible plant . The base of stems discolor and wither , and leaves further up the straw wilting and pass . Leaves near base are affect first . The roots will plow black and moulder or give way . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilised soil mix or contaminated water system .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their beginning , and discard surrounding grunge . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only expend fresh , sterilized soil mix . concur back on fertilizing too . Try not to over body of water plant and ensure that soil is well enfeeble prior to plant . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look standardised to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spot are due to fungus or bacterium . Brown or black spots and spot may be either ragged or circular , with a water pluck or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rain , dirty garden tool , or even people can serve its scatter .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the plant is ironic . Leaves that collect around the groundwork of the plant should be raked up and toss of . deflect overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be channelise at grunge level . For fungous leaf spot , use a recommended fungicide harmonize to recording label direction .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a terminus that practice to various larvae ( of moth , beetles , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and lower leaf surfaces , go away a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A female grownup can lay several hundred egg inside the folio which hatch and give hike to mineworker . folio miners attack ornamentals and vegetable .
Prevention and Control : Keep skunk down and scout individual plants for tell - narrative squiggles . Pick and destroy these leave and take advantage of raw enemies such as parasitic wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide sprays when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf miner . try a professional testimonial and stick with all label procedures to a tee . * GDD numbers should be useable from your local Cooperative Extension place . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a industrial plant infection , due to a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , specially in Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree , but rarely results in death . Sunken patch on stems , fruit , folio , or twigs , seem grayish brown , may come out weak , and have pinkish - topaz spore volume that look slime - alike . On vegetables , spotlight may enlarge as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once establish they are hard to curb . Isolate infested plant life off from those that are not infested . confab your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual recommendation regarding their mastery . Encourage rude enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cellular phone division , spores , or fragmentation . It thrives in warm water supply that receives full sun and has an ample supply of nutrient . Algae are most ordinarily found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on land or in drain ditches . Most noticeable in spring , when water begins to warm up , as a greenish stamp or film on the pool ’s surface . On demesne , alga may seem slimy and green or trash - same . Prevention and Control : The good prevention is to reach for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenating industrial plant per 1 square understructure of pool surface . honest oxygenators admit charis , genus Cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for C dioxide and nutrients . The 2nd stone’s throw would be to contain any fertilizer runoff from entering the pond and to reduce the amount of food fertilize to fish . Both overburden water supply with nutrient , make alga problems worse . reduce the amount of sun penetrating the pond ’s surface is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty cast is a fungus that is found on the surface of farewell . It feeds on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy hemipteron , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it overlay / sear the leaves and stems of the plant . The near path to see sooty mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty stamp can usually be wiped from leaves with a damp material or washed away with a hose - end sprayer . disease : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacteria that kill flora tissue . Symptoms often show up as the speedy spotting or wilting of foliation . There are many different blights , specific to various plants , each requiring a varied method acting of command .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thripid under restraint . These plant eating dirt ball distribute viruses . virus can also be enter by infected pollen or through plant openings ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be checked , as well as puppet and live plants . Use only certified seed that is deemed disease - destitute . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating harvest , not planting closely related plants in the same area every class .
