Haemanthus albiflos is a flowering plant aboriginal to South Africa and Namibia . A appendage of the family line Amaryllidaceae , it is an evergreen bulbous perennial with strange flowers that give it the common name of paintbrush . leeway for collateral sunshine and neglect has made this a democratic houseplant in countries where it would not hold up the winter clime . One such home plant bought at a UK greenhouse in the late 1990 ’s , was later recognised as showing soft streaking symptoms consistent with a virus infection ( Fig . 1 ) . The source can find no record of viruses associate with Haemanthus albiflos but the related plant Haemanthus multiflorus ( blood lily ) recently remove from the Haemanthus genus and renamed Scadoxus multiflorus , is a host for Nerine latent virus ( NeLV ) ( Chen et al . , 2016 ) . From accession on the NCBI database blood lily is also record as a horde plant for Cucumber mosaic computer virus ( CMV ) and Tomato spot wilting virus ( TSWV ) .
Figure 1 : Haemanthus albiflos with mild streaking symptoms .
The genus Haemanthus plant was investigated using immuno - strips ( Agdia ) to discover CMV , Impatiens necrotic spot virus , Iris xanthous spot virus and TSWV but no antibody reactions occurred . This was followed by total RNA descent from foliage ( Plant RNeasy outfit , Qiagen ) and RT - PCR with generic undercoat that hyperbolise viruses from the Carlavirus ( Nie et al . , 2008 ) and Potexvirus genera ( van der Vlugt & Berendsen , 2002 ) and the Potyviridae family ( Gibbs & Mackenzie , 1997 ) . The examination indicate a confirming resultant with the carlavirus primer set Car - F2b and oligo - dT. The sequenced PCR mathematical product when equate to the NCBI database , point a close compeer with Nerine latent virus ( NeLV ) , also known as Narcissus symptomless virus . To further characterise this isolate , the perfect coating protein ( CP ) was amplified ( Genbank Accession No . MK085064 ) using specific primers either side of the CP realm ( NeLV6946F 5'-AGAGTTTAGTGTCCTCTTAGGTTTA-3ˈ , NeLV8018R 5'-AAGGAGCCACACTTGATTGTCTT-3 ' ) . Sequence alignments , with usable NeLV CP sequences ( NCBI database ) , show that the computer virus isolate share high identity with each other , 95 - 98 % at the base level . The high identity of 98 % was with JX524884 from narcissus ( Taiwan ) and HM119498 from nerine ( Netherlands ) . The conjunction revealed the haemanthus isolate had three nucleotides ( one amino group acid ) less than other NeLV isolates and this deletion was located near the five prime closing of the CP . The phylogenetic relationship of the NeLV hertz from different legion plant life and state of extraction are demonstrate in Figure 2 .
shape 2 : Phylogenetic tree of nerine latent virus coat protein from dissimilar geographic locations and flora species . All are full length base sequences except Genbank Accession No . FJ606452 . The phylogenetic tree was generated with the MEGA5 programme using the neighbour - joining method acting with replicas bootstrapped to 1000 . ( musical note : Scadoxus multiflorus was previously known as Haemanthus multiflorus ) .
NeLV is reported as symptomless in the blood lily plant life ( Chen et al . , 2016 ) and previously in the emcee coinage of Nerine bowdenii and Hippeastrum hybridum ( Brunt et al . , 1996 ) but mosaic symptoms have been report in Crinum flora ( Jordan et al . , 2018 ) . The symptoms produced by NeLV on indicator plants have been record ( Brunt et al . , 1996 ): local chlorotic lesions with Chenopodium murale and C. quinoa with systemic contagion only report for Nicotiana clevelandii ; whilst N. benthamiana and N. tabacum were reported as insusceptible . To substantiate this write up and assess if a second virus may be present in the haemanthus , two each of the previously mentioned index plant were inoculated with undercoat foliage sap , diluted in water . clear-cut chlorotic symptoms were visible on the C. quinoa inoculate leaves from six days post inoculation ( dpi ) , whereas symptoms on the other plant were either not present or not clear and could be mistaken for vaccination damage ( Fig . 3 ) . No systemic symptom were seen . Subsequent RT - PCR with specific NeLV primers perform 14 dpi on the vaccinate leaves found that only the N. clevelandii return a strong ware . N. clevelandii had shown no well-defined symptoms but the PCR consequence argue reproduction and systemic bm of this computer virus that had not go on in the other index number plants . Whilst the examination was not exhaustive , the PCR , immuno- and bio - assays gave no denotation that a 2d virus was present in the genus Haemanthus plant and the discovered symptom are plausibly triggered by NeLV . This report represents the first determination of NeLV in H. albiflos . flesh 3 : Inoculated leaves of indicator plants fourteen days post vaccination
reservoir : New Disease Reports ( W.A. Monger and R.J. Eden )
