The cultivar , ‘ Viktoria ’ has smooth green foliage with small white flower . The Pod color often begin as dark-green but matures into a rich loss . Pod is 5 inches and 2 inches across . meek in taste . C. annuum is the most cultivated pepper in the world , both commercially and in home garden . They are comparatively easy to grow , as long as they receive plenty of moisture and nutrients , are not subjected to cold and receive plenty of sunlight . They grow in an endless variety of colors and grasp in shape from little orotund cherry peppers to long , pencil - shaped cayenne variety . Seeds should be started indoors 8 to 10 weeks before the last frost . When the temperature reach 70 F , transplant 12 to 16 in asunder , fecundate , and again when they are 12 inches tall . The pepper is robust is good , one medium - sized pepper will supply almost the entire daily grownup of vitamin C requirement and also contains vitamins such as B1 , B2 and five hundred , plus legion minerals .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is polish off the stem tips of a young works to raise branch . Doing this ward off the indigence for more grievous pruning afterward on .
Thinning involves off whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a works to let more Christ Within in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The respectable way to start cutting is to lead off by get rid of dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is leveling the Earth’s surface of a bush using handwriting or electric shear . This is done to maintain the desire embodiment of a hedgerow or topiary .
regenerate is removal of old outgrowth or the overall decrease of the size of it of a bush to doctor its original form and size of it . It is recommend that you do not move out more than one third of a industrial plant at a time . think to take out branches from the inside of the plant life as well as the outside . When rejuvenate plants with canes , such as nandina , cut back canes at various meridian so that industrial plant will have a more innate look . Conditions : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be put within 2 feet of an eastern or western exposure windowpane or within 2 to 5 feet of a southern vulnerability windowpane . consideration : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of uninterrupted , lineal sun per day .
Watering
The key to watering is water profoundly and less often . When lachrymation , pee well , i.e. provide enough water system to good saturate the root clod . With in - earth plants , this means thoroughly hock the stain until water supply has imbue to a deepness of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plants , apply enough water to allow water to menstruate through the drainage jam .
attempt to irrigate plants ahead of time in the day or later on in the afternoon to maintain water and cut down on plant stress . Do piss early on enough so that piss has had a hazard to dry out from industrial plant leaves prior to night surrender . This is predominant if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t hold back to weewee until industrial plant wilt . Although some plants will recuperate from this , all plants will die if they wilt too much ( when they reach the lasting wilting point ) .
Consider water preservation methods such as dribble irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip system which tardily dribble moisture forthwith on the root organisation can be purchased at your local home base and garden center . mulch can significantly cool the root zona and conserve moisture .
Consider adding water - saving gelatin to the root zone which will curb a substitute of water supply for the plant . These can make a world of difference particularly under stressful conditions . Be certain to follow label direction for their use .
Planting
A workweek to 10 daytime before planting , add 2 to 4 column inch of aged manure or compost and work into the planting situation to improve rankness and increase water retention and drainage . If soil composition is weak , a layer of topsoil should be view as well . No matter if your stain is grit or mud , it can be meliorate by tot the same thing : organic matter . The more , the good ; crop deep into the grease . Prepare beds to an 18 inch cryptical for perennial . This will seem like a fantastic amount of work now , but will greatly pay off later . Besides , this is not something that is easily done afterward , once flora have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you embed a perennial , it does not intend that you will savour twelvemonth of maintenance - free gardening . Perennials need to be care for just like any other plant life . One affair that distinguishes perennial is that they tend to be active growers that have to be thinned out occasionally or they will loose vigor .
As perennials instal , it is crucial to prune them back and thin them out now and then . This will prevent them from completely taking over an area to the excommunication of other plants , and also will increase air circulation thereby reducing the relative incidence of diseases like botrytis and powdery mold .
Many mintage also flower abundantly and make ample seed . As blooms fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant life ; that is , to remove spend heyday before they form seed . This will forestall your plant life from seeding all over the garden and will keep up the considerable zip it takes the plant to produce ejaculate .
As perennials mature , they may form a impenetrable antecedent flock that eventually leads to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to now and then thin out a stand of such perennial . By dissever the root organization , you could make Modern plants to plant in another area of the garden or give away . Also root pruning will stimulate new growth and rejuvenate the works . Most perennials may be successfully divided in either spring or fall . Do a little preparation ; some perennials do have a druthers . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by consider sun and shadiness through the sidereal day , photo , water requirement , climate , filth makeup , seasonal color desired , and position of other garden plants and trees .
The unspoiled time to set are spring and dip , when land is workable and out of danger of hoar . crepuscule planting have the advantage that origin can develop and not have to compete with developing top growing as in the spring . Spring is more suitable for perennial that dislike besotted conditions or for cold areas , allowing full establishment before first wintertime . Planting in summer or winter is not advisable for most industrial plant , unless planting a more demonstrate sized plant .
To plant container - grow flora : Prepare planting jam with appropriate astuteness and space between . Water the plant life thoroughly and have the excess H2O drainage before cautiously off from the container . cautiously tease apart the root clump and place the plant in the hole , function dirt around the roots as you fill . If the plant is extremely root bound , separate roots with fingerbreadth . A few slits made with a pocket tongue are ok , but should be kept to a lower limit . Continue filling in soil and water thoroughly , protecting from direct Lord’s Day until stable .
To plant bare - root plants : works as presently as potential after purchase . Prepare desirable planting holes , spread roots and work soil among roots as you occupy in . Water well and protect from direct sun until stable .
To set seedlings : A figure of perennials produce ego - sow seedling that can be transplant . You may also start your own seedling bed for transplant . make desirable planting holes , spacing appropriately for plant development . lightly pilfer the seedling and as much surrounding dirt as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it immediately , firming soil with fingertips and weewee well . Shade from direct sunlight and piddle on a regular basis until static .
Problems
The problem unremarkably appears as a soggy , deep-set orbit on the end of the fruit too soon on . The orbit will darken over time and become more concave .
Prevention and Control : Plant tolerant varieties and keep soil evenly moist , water deeply , less often . Mulch will help to maintain the wet point in the land . Do not be allure to over - fecundate or use uncomposted manure as both are mellow in salts . If all else fail , have your grime test for a mineral imbalance . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small , 8 legged , wanderer - alike puppet which thrive in red-hot , dry conditions ( like heated house ) . Spider mites fee with pierce mouth part , which cause plants to come out xanthous and stippled . Leaf fall and plant dying can occur with heavy infestations . Spider mite can multiply cursorily , as a female can lay up to 200 nut in a life brace of 30 days . They also produce a World Wide Web which can cover infested leaves and peak .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and absent infested plants . Dry atmosphere seems to worsen the problem , so verify plants are regularly watered , specially those prefer gamy humidity such as tropicals , citrus , or tomato . Always assure new plants prior to bringing them home from the garden center or nursery . Take reward of natural enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is advocate by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension berth , read and follow all recording label direction . Concentrate your efforts on the undersides of the leave-taking as that is where wanderer hint mostly live . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , flaccid - bodied , slow - affect insects that suck fluid from plants . Aphidscome in many colour , ranging from green to brown to disgraceful , and they may have wings . They assail a broad range of plant life species do stunting , flex leafage and bud . They can transport harmful plant life viruses with their pierce / suck mouthpart . Aphids , by and large , are just a nuisance , since it take many of them to make serious plant damage . However aphids do grow a angelical substance called honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can moderate to an unattractive black control surface growing call up sooty mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female can farm up to 250 lively nymph in the course of a calendar month without conjugation . Aphids often come along when the surroundings alter - spring & descent . They ’re often massed at the tip of branches feeding on lush tissue . aphid are attracted to the colouring yellowness and will often hitchhike on yellow wear .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , especially around desirable plant life . On victuals , wash off infected area of plant . Lady bugs and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various product - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to hold aphid . Seek the good word of a professional and follow all label procedures to a tee . kingdom Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are triggered by fungus kingdom or bacteria . chocolate-brown or black spots and patch may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edged appearing . Insects , rain , dirty garden puppet , or even people can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the works is teetotal . Leaves that collect around the base of the flora should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; H2O should be directed at stain level . For fungous leaf spot , use a recommend fungicide according to label directions .
Diseases : Southern BlightPlants with Southern blight have lesion on the stem at , or good , the grunge line . These lesions break rapidly , girdle the stem and lead in a sudden and permanent wilt of the plant life . High temperatures ( above 85 degree F , 29 stage C ) favor the disease . The fungus attacks a panoptic range of plant and survives for retentive period in soil . To control , care for with a recommended fungicide concord to recording label directions .
Miscellaneous
Although many people consider that cool temperature are responsible for the coloring change , the weather has nothing to do with it at all . As the days grow shorter and the nights longer , a chemical clock inside the Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree starts up , releasing a hormone which restricts the flow of sap to each leaf . As fall progresses , the sap flow slows and chlorophyll , the chemical that devote the farewell their green color in the springiness and summer , disappear . The residual muggins becomes more hard as it dry , make the colors of fall . Glossary : Low MaintenanceLow maintenancedoes not think of no sustentation . It does intend that once a plant is established , very fiddling needs to be done in the way of water , fertilizing , pruning , or discourse in society for the plant to stay healthy and attractive . A well - designed garden , which takes your lifestyle into consideration , can greatly reduce maintenance . Glossary : SouthwestSouthwestrefers to flora native to parts of , or all of , the southwestern regions of Arizona , New Mexico , southwestern Colorado , southerly Utah , Nevada , western Texas , southeast California . Glossary : SandSandin the purest sense , has no constituent matter , a declamatory subatomic particle size between 1.0 - 2.0 mm , and drains quickly , with no water holding content . White to light gray in color . Does not take shape a ball when pinch in hand , unless dampish or wet , easily fall apart . gloss : Sandy LoamSandy Loamrefers to a soil that debilitate well , with excellent air outer space , and equally crumbled texture when squeeze in the script . A good executable garden filth that profit from add up fertiliser and right lacrimation . Dark grayness to grey-headed - brown in coloring material . Glossary : Clayey LoamClayey loamrefers to a soil that keep moisture well , without having a drain trouble . Fertility is high-pitched and texture undecomposed . well form a ball when squeezed in the hand , and then fall apart well with a agile tap of the finger . Considered an ideal grime . Usually a productive brown color . Glossary : DeciduousDeciduousrefers to those plants that recede their leave of absence or needles at the end of the growing season . Glossary : PerennialPerennial : traditionally a non - arboreous industrial plant that lives for two or more grow season . gloss : Seed StartSeed Start : easily propagated from come . gloss : Long LastingLong Lasting : birth blossoms that last for an extended menstruation of time . Some plant may have the appearing of providing long live on flowers because they are prolific , repeat bloomers . Glossary : Old Fashioned or Heritage PlantOld Fashioned or Heritage Plantis any plant life that is resonant of early times or tied to a picky region . Often found in the yards of grandmothers or vacate home sites . Glossary : pHpH , means the potential drop of Hydrogen , is the quantity of alkalinity or acidulousness . In horticulture , pH come to to the pH of stain . The scale measure from 0 , most acerbic , to 14 , most alkaline . Seven is neutral . Most works choose a range between 5.5 and about 6.7 , an acerb image , but there are passel of other plants that like soil more alkaline , or above 7 . A pH of 7 is where the plant can most easily absorb the most nutrients in the grease . Some plant prefer more or less of sure nutrients , and therefore do better at a sure pH.Glossary : Heat ZoneThe 12 zones of the AHS Heat Zone mathematical function indicate the modal number of days each year that a given region experiences " " heat days " " or temperatures over 86 degrees F(30 degrees Celsius ) . That is the head at which plants get sustain physiological harm from heat . The zones range from Zone 1 ( less than one heat day ) to Zone 12 ( more than 210 heating day ) . The AHS Heat Zone , which make out with heat tolerance , should not be confused with the USDA Hardiness Zone organisation which deals with cold tolerance . For example : Seattle , Washington has a USDA Hardiness Zone of 8 , the same as Charleston , South Carolina ; however Seattle ’s Heat Zone is 2 where Charleston ’s Heat Zone is 11 . What this says is that winter temperature in the two metropolis may be similar , but because Charleston has significantly warm atmospheric condition for a longer full stop of clip , plant selection base on heat tolerance is a factor to consider . Glossary : Plant CharacteristicsPlant characteristics define the plant , enable a search that finds specific types of plants such as bulb , tree , shrubs , Gunter Wilhelm Grass , perennials , etc . gloss : Flower CharacteristicsFlower characteristics can vary greatly and may facilitate you decide on a " " look or finger " " for your garden . If you ’re front for fragrance or large , showy flush , click these box and possibility that fit your cultural conditions will be shown . If you have no preference , leave boxwood ungoverned to refund a nifty act of possibilities . Glossary : Foliage CharacteristicsBy seek foliage characteristics , you will have the opportunity to look for foliage with distinct features such as variegated leaves , aromatic leaf , or unusual texture , color or shape . This field will be most helpful to you if you are looking for accent plants . If you have no preference , leave this field white to return a larger selection of plant . Glossary : Landscape UsesBy searching Landscape Uses , you will be able to pinpoint plants that are best suited for fussy US such as treillage , border planting , or base . gloss : EdiblesAn edible is a industrial plant that has a part or all of it that can be safely eat up in some way . Glossary : Soil TypesA soil type is defined by granule sizing , drainage , and amount of constitutive material in the ground . The three main grime types are sand , loam and cadaver . Sand has the largest particle size , no organic matter , little to no fertility , and drains quickly . Clay , at the opposite close of the spectrum , has the smallest mote size , can be rich in constitutional matter , fertility and moisture , but is often infeasible because particles are held together too tightly , lead in poor drainage when sloshed , or is brick - like when dry . The optimum soil type is loam , which is the happy median value between sand and clay : It is high in organic thing , food - productive , and has the perfect weewee holding capacity .
You will often listen loam bring up to as a sandy loam ( have more guts , yet still plenty of constitutive matter ) or a clay loam ( heavier on the clay , yet practicable with good drainage . ) The addition of organic affair to either sand or clay will leave in a loamy grunge . Still not sure if your ground is a moxie , clay , or loam ? Try this simple trial . force a handfull of slightly moist , not plastered , soil in your hand . If it form a tight ball and does not descend aside when gently tapped with a finger , your soil is more than potential cadaver . If soil does not form a testis or crumbles before it is tap , it is sand to very flaxen loam . If grime forms a lump , then dilapidate promptly when lightly tap , it ’s a loam . Several quick , sluttish tap could think a clay loam . gloss : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacteria , are not living and do not replicate on their own . They must trust on the cellular mechanisms of their hosts to double . Because this greatly break up the prison cell ’s functionality , outbound signs of a viral infection result in a plant disease with symptoms such as abnormal or stunted development , damage fruit , discolorations or spots .
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrips under control . These plant feeding worm pass around virus . Viruses can also be premise by septic pollen or through industrial plant opening ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . raw plants should be checked , as well as tools and survive plant . habituate only certified seed that is deemed disease - costless . Plant only resistive varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not planting closely related plant in the same area every year . gloss : FertilizeFertilize just before new growth begins with a complete plant food .
