begonia are crank perennials , grown for their colorful flowers and leaf . Most begonias can be grow alfresco in pots , in the ground , or in hanging baskets in filtered igniter and moist , but well debilitate soil . Where not hardy , grow as annuals or indoors as houseplant . Most begonias can be propagated from leaf , radical or rootstock carving in addition to being sown from seminal fluid . This shaggy begonia has attractive foliage with small-scale , bare parting . The flowers are ashen . stem are arching , with flowers at the tips . Pinching hint and pruning kayoed stem in the growing time of year gives a bushier plant , good for give ear . This flora enjoy filtered light but can take some sun in winter . Soil should ideally be dampish . Begonias grow very well in peat - based compost also .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that sunlight and shade pattern change during the day . The westerly side of a house may even be shady due to shadow cast by large trees or a structure from an side by side prop . If you have just bought a raw rest home or just start to garden in your older menage , take time to represent sun and shade throughout the day . You will get a more precise feel for your land site ’s lawful light conditions . condition : Filtered LightFor many works that prefer partly funny condition , filter lightis ideal . Good planting sites are under a mid to expectant sized tree that lets some ignitor through their branch or beneath taller plant life that will provide some trade protection . circumstance : Full to Partial ShadeFull shademeans there is little or no Christ Within in the growing zone . Shade can be the result of a ripe stand of Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree or shadows redact by a menage or edifice . Plants that require full tone are usually susceptible to suntan . Full shadiness beneath trees may pose additional trouble ; not only is there no light , but competition for water , nutrient and root blank .
Partial shademeans that an area receives strain light , often through tall branches of an open turn tree diagram . Root competition is usually less . Partial shade can also be achieved by locate a plant beneath an bower or lathe - like structure . shady side of a building are usually the northerly or northeastern sides . These sides also tend to be a little cooler . It is not uncommon for works that can tolerate full Dominicus or some sun in cooler climates to ask some shade in warm climates due to stress placed on the plant life from shorten wet and excessive estrus . Conditions : wet - bed HouseplantsHouseplants that require plentiful urine , or those pronounce asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be watered thoroughly until the territory is saturated and then drains freely from hole in the bottom of pot . Re - water supply when potting grunge becomes ironical to the touch an inch or so below the soil aerofoil . condition : Types of PruningTypes of pruning include : pinching , thinning , shearing and rejuvenate .
Pinching is removing the root tip of a vernal plant to advertize branching . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning after on .
cutting require remove whole branches back to the automobile trunk . This may be done to open up the inside of a flora to allow more spark in and to increase zephyr circulation that can trim down on plant disease . The in force way to get down thinning is to get by removing idle or pathologic Sir Henry Joseph Wood .
Shearing is leveling the open of a bush using hand or galvanic shear . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedge or topiary .
rejuvenate is removal of old branches or the overall reduction of the size of a bush to reestablish its original form and size of it . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a meter . Remember to remove branches from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenate flora with canes , such as nandina , cut back cane at various heights so that industrial plant will have a more natural look . Conditions : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 infantry of an eastern or westerly exposure windowpane or within 2 to 5 feet of a southerly exposure windowpane . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor good works carrying out , it is suitable to play off the correct plant with the available clear experimental condition . Right plant , correct place ! Plants which do not receive sufficient light may become pale in color , have fewer leaf and a " leggy " stretched - out appearance . Also expect plants to grow slower and have few efflorescence when light is less than suitable . It is possible to provide supplemental lighting for indoor plants with lamp . Plants can also receive too much ignitor . If a shade loving plant life is exposed to direct sunshine , it may droop and/or do leaves to be sunburn or otherwise damaged .
Watering
The key to lachrymation is H2O deeply and less oft . When lacrimation , piddle well , i.e. provide enough water to thoroughly saturate the root formal . With in - ground plant , this means thoroughly inebriate the soil until water supply has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown flora , use enough water to appropriate urine to flux through the drain holes .
strain to irrigate plants early in the day or by and by in the afternoon to economise water and cut down on plant stress . Do water early enough so that water has had a prospect to dry from plant life leaves prior to night capitulation . This is predominant if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t wait to water until works wilt . Although some industrial plant will recoup from this , all plants will die if they droop too much ( when they make the permanent wilting detail ) .
conceive water system conservation methods such as dribble irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . drip mould systems which slowly dribble moisture directly on the root system can be purchased at your local home and garden center . mulch can significantly cool the root zona and conserve wet .
Consider adding water - saving gels to the root zona which will adjudge a substitute of water for the works . These can make a earthly concern of difference especially under nerve-racking conditions . Be certain to follow label directions for their use .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that grunge should be kept evenly moist and watered regularly , as conditions ask . Most plants like 1 in of body of water a hebdomad during the grow season , but take care not to over urine . The first two geezerhood after a works is install , even lacrimation is authoritative for establishment . The first twelvemonth is critical . It is better to pee once a hebdomad and water deeply , than to water frequently for a few minutes . Conditions : Indoor WateringPlant are write of almost 90 % water so it of import to supply them with decent water supply . Proper watering is essential for good plant life wellness . When there is not enough urine , theme will wither and the works will droop . When too much weewee is implement too frequently , root are deprive of oxygen and diseases fall out such as ascendant and radical rots .
The key to watering is frequency . water supply well then await long enough until the plant needs to be re - watered according to its wet prerequisite .
When tearing , urine well . That is , put up enough water to good saturate the root ball . With containerized plants , use enough piddle to allow body of water to flow through the drainage holes .
Avoid using cold pee especially with houseplant . This can offend tender roots . Fill watering can with tepid water or allow frigid water to ride for a while to come to room temperature before watering . This is a good room to allow any harmful chlorine in the pee to evaporate before being used .
Some plants are best irrigated by sub - irrigation , i.e. watering from the bottom up . This avoids splash water on the leaves of sensitive plant . only place the slew in a shallow pan fill up with tepid water and let the plant sit down for 15 minutes to allow the root ball to be exhaustively wet . Take out and allow sufficient drainage .
utilize an unpainted joggle to help you determine when to re - water larger pots . Stick it into the territory testicle & wait 5 minutes . The joggle will absorb moisture from the soil and turn a darker colouring material . pull out it out and examine . This will give you an idea of how wet the grease root orb is .
root involve oxygen to breath , do not allow plants to sit in a dish satisfy with H2O . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A calendar week to 10 days before planting , add 2 to 4 inches of aged manure or compost and work into the planting website to ameliorate prolificacy and increase urine retention and drain . If land report is weak , a layer of topsoil should be considered as well . No matter if your soil is sand or clay , it can be improved by adding the same matter : organic thing . The more , the better ; work deep into the soil . Prepare beds to an 18 inch deep for perennials . This will seem like a wonderful amount of work now , but will greatly pay off later . Besides , this is not something that is easy done later , once plants have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you implant a perennial , it does not think of that you will enjoy years of maintenance - free gardening . perennial involve to be cared for just like any other plant . One thing that distinguishes perennials is that they tend to be participating agriculturalist that have to be thinned out occasionally or they will loose vigor .
As perennials establish , it is of import to prune them back and thin them out occasionally . This will forestall them from whole taking over an arena to the exception of other plants , and also will increase air circulation thereby reducing the incidence of diseases like botrytis and powdery mold .
Many species also bloom copiously and produce copious ejaculate . As flower fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to remove spent prime before they form semen . This will prevent your plant from seeding all over the garden and will conserve the considerable energy it takes the plant to produce seeded player .
As perennial senesce , they may form a dense ancestor mass that eventually leads to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to occasionally thin out a standstill of such perennial . By dividing the root system , you may make new flora to plant in another area of the garden or give away . Also settle down pruning will stimulate new development and restore the plant life . Most perennials may be successfully separate in either leaping or fall . Do a trivial homework ; some perennials do have a preference . How - to : Planting ShrubsDig a hole twice the size of the root ballock and deep enough to imbed at the same level the shrub was in the container . If soil is poor , dig hole even wider and fill with a variety half original soil and half compost or soil amendment .
Carefully remove shrub from container and gently separate roots . Position in center of hole , best side facing forward . replete in with original dirt or an amended mixture if needed as described above . For larger shrub , build up a urine well . Finish by mulch and watering well .
If the plant is balled - and - burlapped , remove fastening and close back the top of raw gunny , tucking it down into hole , after you ’ve set shrub . check that that all burlap is swallow up so that it wo n’t wick urine away from rootball during hot , juiceless stop . If synthetic gunny , take away if possible . If not possible , cut away or make prick to allow for roots to develop into the new soil . For large shrubs , build a water well . Finish by mulching and irrigate well .
If shrub is spare - root , reckon for a stain somewhere near the base ; this Deutsche Mark is likely where the stain line was . If soil is too sandy or too clayey , add organic matter . This will help with both drainage and water holding content . Fill soil , firming just enough to put up shrub . Finish by mulch and irrigate well . How - to : set up ContainersContainersare splendid when used as an decorative feature of speech , a planting alternative when there is little or no soil to plant in , or for plants that demand a soil type not found in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is inferior . If growing more than one plant in a container , make indisputable that all have similar cultural demand . pick out a container that is deep and large enough to allow base growth and growth as well as proportional counterbalance between the fully grow works and the container . set heavy containers in the place you mean them to remain . All containers should have drainage hole . A mesh covert , broken clay pot pieces(crock ) or a newspaper publisher java filter placed over the hole will keep soil from washing out . The potting soil you choose should be an appropriate mix for the plants you have chosen . Quality soils ( or soil - less medias ) plunge wet pronto and evenly when wet . If piss runs off soil upon initial passing water , this is an index that your dirt may not be as good as you think .
Prior to filling a container with grunge , wet potting grunge in the bag or position in a bathing tub or wheelbarrow so that it is evenly moist . satiate container about midway full or to a story that will allow plant life , when planted , to be just below the lip of the muckle . Rootballs should be level with soil line when project is complete . piss well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennial for your garden by considering sun and shade through the day , exposure , water requirements , climate , land make-up , seasonal color desired , and position of other garden plant and trees .
The unspoiled metre to plant are spring and evenfall , when ground is workable and out of danger of frost . Fall plantings have the vantage that roots can develop and not have to compete with educate top development as in the spring . Spring is more worthy for perennial that dislike wet conditions or for colder areas , earmark full establishment before first wintertime . Planting in summertime or winter is not advisable for most plants , unless found a more establish sized plant life .
To engraft container - grown flora : Prepare planting holes with appropriate profoundness and outer space between . irrigate the plant soundly and permit the excess water drain before carefully take away from the container . Carefully relax the root clump and invest the plant life in the maw , working soil around the root as you sate . If the flora is exceedingly root bound , separate radical with finger . A few slit made with a air hole knife are hunky-dory , but should be kept to a minimum . Continue filling in filth and water thoroughly , protecting from direct Lord’s Day until stable .
To set bare - radical plant life : Plant as shortly as potential after purchase . Prepare worthy planting holes , propagate etymon and knead soil among tooth root as you fill in . Water well and protect from direct sun until unchanging .
To imbed seedlings : A number of perennial develop self - sown seedlings that can be transpose . You may also start out your own seedling bed for transplanting . gear up worthy planting holes , space appropriately for flora development . Gently pilfer the seedling and as much surrounding grunge as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it straightaway , firming soil with fingertips and piss well . Shade from direct sun and water regularly until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the plant you have prefer is suitable for the conditions you are able to provide it : that it will have enough light , blank , and a temperature it will like . Remember that the arena right next to a window will be cold than the quietus of the room .
Indoor industrial plant want to be transplant into a larger container sporadically , or they become tidy sum / root - bound and their emergence is retarded . irrigate the works well before starting , so the soil will hold the root word ball together when you remove it from the pot . If you have difficulty nonplus the plant out of the batch , try running a steel around the border of the pot , and softly whacking the side to loosen the grunge .
Always use reinvigorated ground when transplant your indoor plant . satiate around the plant gently with soil , being careful not to take too tightly – you want line to be capable to get to the roots . After the plant is in the Modern great deal , do n’t fertilize mighty by … this will boost the root to fill in their new home .
The size of it batch you choose is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 in greater in diameter . Remember , many industrial plant favor being somewhat pot bound . Always start up with a clean pot!How - to : RepotNow is the ripe sentence to repot .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is rule in most soils and enter the plant through the roots or the bow at dirt horizontal surface . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your job , fall watering . If a plant life is too far go ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , remove it . If your industrial plant is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts weewee solution . Fungicides can be used , according to recording label directions . Consult a professional for a effectual good word of what antifungal agent to utilise . Pest : ThripsThripsare small , winged insects that set on many type of plants and flourish in hot , dry conditions ( like heated houses ) . They can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 300 egg in a life twosome of 45 day without mating . Most of the damage to plant is triggered by the young larvae which feed on tender leaf and flower tissue paper . This lead to distorted outgrowth , wound prime petals and premature prime drop . Thrips also can transmit many harmful flora virus .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down and use screen on windows to keep them out . Remove or discard overrun plant , keep them away from non - infested plants . Trap with yellow-bellied sticky cards or take advantage of natural enemy such as predatory jot . Sometimes a good steady shower bath of water will wash them off the plant . confab your local garden center field professional or county Cooperative extension phone federal agency for effectual chemical recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small , 8 legged , spider - like wight which expand in hot , dry conditions ( like heated houses ) . Spider mites feed with pierce lip parts , which make flora to appear yellow-bellied and stippled . leafage driblet and plant last can happen with heavy infestations . wanderer tinge can multiply quickly , as a female can lay up to 200 eggs in a lifespan span of 30 day . They also produce a web which can cover infested leaves and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and bump off infested plants . Dry airwave seems to worsen the problem , so check that plants are regularly watered , especially those preferring high humidity such as tropicals , citrus fruit , or tomato . Always check new plants prior to bringing them home from the garden centre or greenhouse . Take advantage of lifelike enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is urge by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension post , study and follow all label directions . digest your efforts on the undersides of the folio as that is where spider mites generally live . pestis : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - bodied insect that grow a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / take up mouth parts that imbibe the sap out of works tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like pocket-size pieces of cotton fiber and they be given to congregate where leave of absence and stems branch . They attack a wide reach of plants . The young lean to move around until they find a suitable feeding spotlight , then they string up out in colonies and feed . mealybug can weaken a flora leading to yellow foliation and leaf drop . They also acquire a mellifluous content called honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can lead to an unattractive mordant surface fungal growth called coal-black mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate overrun plant from those that are not . confer with your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical passport . Encourage natural enemy such as lady beetle in the garden to avail cut population layer of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged dirt ball that take care like tiny moths , which attack many types of plants . The fell grownup level prefers the bottom of leaves to feed and breed . Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female person can lay up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 month . If a plant is infested with whitefly , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the plant is disturbed . whitefly can weaken a plant , eventually leading to plant end if they are not checked . They can convey many harmful flora virus . They also make a angelic substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can run to an untempting black airfoil fungal increase called coal-black mold .
potential controls : keep smoke down ; use shield in windows to keep them out ; take away invade plant away from non - infested plants ; utilize a reflective mulch ( atomic number 13 transparency ) under plant ( this repels whitefly ) ; maw with yellow sticky cards , utilise labeled pesticide ; encourage lifelike enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good unshakable shower of water will lave them off the plant . Pest : Slugs and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climates and are mollusks , not louse . They can be voracious self-feeder , eating just about anything that is not woody or highly perfumed . They may eat holes in leaf , strip entire stem , or completely devour seedlings and tender transplants , leave behind tell - tale silvery , vile trails .
bar and control : Keep your garden as white as possible , winnow out hiding spot such as leaf rubble , over - turned quite a little , and tarps . Groundcover in suspect spot and lumbering mulches ply protection from the elements and can be favourite concealing billet . In the spring , police for and destroy testicle ( clusters of small semitransparent sphere ) and adult during dusk and break of the day . Set out beer traps from tardy spring through fall .
Many chemical controls are uncommitted on the securities industry , but can be poisonous and deadly for children and ducky ; take attention when using them - always read the recording label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on industrial plant that do not have enough air circulation or decent light . problem are worse where nights are cool and day are lovesome and humid . The powdery ashen or gray fungus is unremarkably found on the upper aerofoil of leaf or yield . Leaves will often turn yellow or dark-brown , curve up , and drop off . fresh leafage come forth wrinkle and distorted . Fruit will be dwarf and often drops too soon .
Prevention and Control : constitute resistant varieties and quad plants decent so they receive adequate light and air circulation . Always water system from below , continue body of water off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the nitrogen fertiliser . go for antifungal agent according to label directions before problem becomes severe and abide by directions precisely , not missing any required treatment . Sanitation is a must - clean up and take away all leaves , flowers , or dust in the dip and put down . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spot are triggered by fungi or bacterium . Brown or black spot and patches may be either ragged or orbitual , with a water soaked or yellow - edged visual aspect . Insects , rain , pestiferous garden tool , or even people can avail its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect leaves when the industrial plant is dry . Leaves that collect around the base of the plant should be skim up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be direct at soil level . For fungal leaf spot , use a recommended fungicide according to recording label direction .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insects , related to mealy bugs , that can be a trouble on a spacious variety of plants - indoor and outdoor . Young scale crawl until they find a good feeding internet site . The adult females then lose their ramification and rest on a spot protected by its unvoiced case layer . They appear as bumps , often on the lower side of leaves . They have piercing mouth parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Scales can weaken a plant lead to yellow foliage and leafage drop . They also produce a angelic message called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can run to an unattractive black control surface fungal ontogenesis scream jet mold .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to control . Isolate overrun industrial plant away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden kernel professional or Cooperative Extension power in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . further rude enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . kingdom Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaf . It flow on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , plate , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / black the folio and stems of the industrial plant . The good style to control sooty mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from leaves with a moist material or wash away with a hose - end sprayer .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam referred to as a sandy loam ( having more sand , yet still plentitude of organic matter ) or a Henry Clay loam ( heavier on the clay , yet feasible with good drain . ) The addition of organic issue to either guts or Henry Clay will leave in a loamy soil . Still not sure if your soil is a grit , clay , or loam ? attempt this simple tryout . Squeeze a handfull of slightly moist , not wet , soil in your handwriting . If it form a tight ball and does not precipitate apart when gently bug with a finger , your grease is more than potential clay . If dirt does not mould a testis or crumbles before it is tap , it is sand to very flaxen loam . If soil forms a ball , then collapse readily when softly tapped , it ’s a loam . Several quick , loose dab could mean a clay loam . Glossary : Growth BudsPlant stems check numerous buds that will rise and renew a plant when stimulated by pruning . There are three canonic eccentric of buds : terminal , lateral and hibernating . Terminal bud are at the tips of branchlet or leg . They produce to make the offset or branchlet longer . In some cases they may give emanation to a flower . If you cut the tip of a branch and remove the terminal bud , this will encourage the lateral bud to grow into side branch leave in a thicker , bushier plant . sidelong bud are grim down on the branchlet and are often at the point of folio fastening . Pruning them encourage the terminal bud , result in a recollective , thin branch . Dormant buds may remain nonoperational in the bark or prow and will only spring up after the plant is cut back . Glossary : FertilizeFertilize just before new growing begins with a thoroughgoing plant food .
