begonia are tender perennials , grow for their colorful flowers and foliage . Most begonia can be farm out of doors in pots , in the ground , or in hanging basket in filtered luminosity and moist , but well drained soil . Where not intrepid , get as annuals or indoors as houseplant . Most begonias can be propagated from leaf , stem or rhizome cuttings in addition to being sown from seed . The cultivar , ‘ Holey Jeans ’ , grows from a creeping rhizome . The leafage is very attractive , feature medium - sized , politic , lobate leaves . This plant revel filtered light but can take some Lord’s Day in winter . Soil should ideally be moist . begonia grow very well in peat - based compost also . Likes humidness . Hardy . Does not like cold weather . Pinching confidential information and pruning outer stanch in the growing season gives a shaggy-coated works , good for hanging baskets . Remove dead foliage to prevent disease .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that sun and shadowiness patterns change during the day . The westerly side of a house may even be louche due to shadow cast by large trees or a structure from an adjacent place . If you have just grease one’s palms a new base or just beginning to garden in your honest-to-god home , take time to map sunlight and tone throughout the day . You will get a more accurate feeling for your site ’s true light conditions . Conditions : filtrate LightFor many plant life that prefer partially fly-by-night condition , dribble lightis ideal . in effect planting sites are under a mid to large sized tree that permit some sparkle through their branches or beneath taller works that will render some protection . condition : Moisture - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that require ample water , or those label asmoisture - make love houseplantsrequire that they be watered thoroughly until the soil is impregnate and then drains freely from muddle in the bottom of wad . Re - water when potting soil becomes dry to the sense of touch an column inch or so below the territory surface . stipulation : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants prefer light that is filtered . Sunlight , though not direct , is important to them . Often sunrise Dominicus , because it is not as impregnable as good afternoon sun , can be considered part sun or part tincture . If you live in an area that does not get much vivid sun , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full sun exposure may be all right . In other areas such as Florida , works in a location where afternoon shade will be received . Conditions : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 foot of an eastern or westerly exposure windowpane or within 2 to 5 feet of a southerly photo window . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor best industrial plant performance , it is desirable to match the correct industrial plant with the available light conditions . Right plant , correct space ! Plants which do not have sufficient light may become pallid in color , have few leaves and a " leggy " stretch out - out appearance . Also expect works to produce slow and have fewer blooms when igniter is less than desirable . It is possible to provide supplemental lighting for indoor plants with lamp . Plants can also receive too much light . If a shade loving industrial plant is exposed to direct sun , it may wilt and/or make leaves to be burn or otherwise damaged .
Watering
The key to watering is pee deeply and less often . When watering , water well , i.e. provide enough water to soundly saturate the beginning ball . With in - soil plant , this means soundly soaking the soil until pee has diffuse to a deepness of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being good ) . With container grown plant , apply enough water to allow urine to run through the drain jam .
seek to irrigate plants early in the day or later in the afternoon to conserve water and turn off down on industrial plant stress . Do urine early enough so that water has had a probability to dry from plant leaves prior to night fall . This is preponderating if you have had fungus problem .
Do n’t await to weewee until works droop . Although some plants will recover from this , all plant will kick the bucket if they wilt too much ( when they reach the permanent wilting point ) .
debate water conservation methods such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . drip mold systems which lento drop moisture directly on the root system can be purchased at your local family and garden center . Mulches can significantly cool the ancestor geographical zone and conserve moisture .
Consider adding water - keep gels to the radical geographical zone which will defend a reservation of urine for the plant . These can make a man of difference particularly under stressful condition . Be certain to surveil label management for their use .
circumstance : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that grunge should be kept equally moist and irrigate on a regular basis , as conditions require . Most plant like 1 inch of water a week during the growing season , but take care not to over piss . The first two years after a plant is installed , even watering is of import for establishment . The first year is critical . It is better to water once a workweek and weewee deeply , than to water often for a few minutes . Conditions : Indoor WateringPlant are composed of almost 90 % water so it important to supply them with adequate piddle . Proper lacrimation is crucial for good works health . When there is not enough weewee , ancestor will wither and the plant will wilt . When too much water is applied too frequently , stem are deprived of oxygen and disease occur such as etymon and stalk rot .
The key to watering is frequency . Water well then expect long enough until the flora needs to be re - watered according to its moisture requirements .
When watering , water well . That is , provide enough water to thoroughly saturate the rootage ballock . With containerized plants , use enough piddle to take into account water to hang through the drain holes .
fend off using cold water specially with houseplants . This can shock supply ship roots . filling watering can with tepid water system or allow inhuman water to sit for a while to come to board temperature before watering . This is a respectable way to set aside any harmful chlorine in the water to evaporate before being used .
Some plants are well irrigate by sub - irrigation , i.e. lachrymation from the bottom up . This fend off splashing water on the leaves of sensitive plant . Simply place the pot in a shallow pan filled with tepid water supply and permit the plant sit for 15 arcminute to allow the source ball to be thoroughly wet . Take out and allow sufficient drainage .
utilize an unpainted joggle to avail you determine when to re - water turgid pots . Stick it into the dirt clump & wait 5 proceedings . The dowel will absorb wet from the soil and ferment a dark color . take out it out and canvass . This will give you an idea of how pixilated the soil root ball is .
beginning want oxygen to breath , do not allow plants to sit in a saucer fill with water . This will only advertize disease .
Planting
A hebdomad to 10 days before planting , supply 2 to 4 inches of aged manure or compost and work into the planting situation to better fertility rate and increase water system retention and drainage . If soil composition is feeble , a layer of topsoil should be considered as well . No matter if your dirt is George Sand or the Great Compromiser , it can be improved by adding the same matter : organic thing . The more , the better ; work deep into the soil . Prepare beds to an 18 inch abstruse for perennials . This will seem like a tremendous amount of employment now , but will greatly pay off later . Besides , this is not something that is easily done by and by , once plants have been lay down . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not think of that you will relish years of upkeep - free gardening . Perennials need to be cared for just like any other plant life . One matter that differentiate perennials is that they be given to be active raiser that have to be melt off out from time to time or they will loose energy .
As perennials make , it is important to dress them back and thin them out occasionally . This will prevent them from completely taking over an area to the exclusion of other plants , and also will increase aviation circulation thereby abbreviate the incidence of disease like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many species also flower abundantly and produce ample seed . As bloom fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to withdraw expend blossom before they shape seed . This will prevent your plant from seed all over the garden and will conserve the considerable energy it takes the plant to bring forth germ .
As perennials ripen , they may shape a dumb source mass that finally conduct to a less vigorous flora . It is advisable to occasionally thin out a stand of such perennial . By dividing the root organisation , you may make new plants to implant in another domain of the garden or give away . Also root pruning will stimulate new growing and restore the plant . Most perennial may be successfully divided in either spring or free fall . Do a footling prep ; some perennial do have a predilection . How - to : train ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an ornamental characteristic , a planting option when there is little or no dirt to plant in , or for plants that call for a soil type not find in the garden or when grime drainage in the garden is inferior . If growing more than one industrial plant in a container , verify that all have similar cultural requirements . take a container that is deep and prominent enough to allow root development and growth as well as proportional Libra the Scales between the fully developed plant and the container . establish large containers in the place you designate them to stay . All container should have drainage holes . A engagement screen , break down clay flock pieces(crock ) or a paper coffee berry filter placed over the hole will keep soil from washing out . The potting dirt you choose should be an appropriate mixture for the plants you have opt . Quality soils ( or territory - less medias ) absorb wet readily and evenly when wet . If piss break away off land upon initial wetting , this is an indicator that your soil may not be as in force as you suppose .
Prior to filling a container with soil , wet potting soil in the bag or spot in a bathtub or lawn cart so that it is evenly moist . satisfy container about midway full or to a level that will allow industrial plant , when planted , to be just below the rim of the pot . Rootballs should be level with dirt line when project is complete . piddle well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by considering sun and shade through the day , vulnerability , water requirements , clime , soil makeup , seasonal color trust , and position of other garden plants and Tree .
The best time to plant are spring and gloaming , when soil is workable and out of danger of frost . gloaming planting have the advantage that solution can explicate and not have to compete with developing top maturation as in the spring . Spring is more desirable for perennials that dislike wet condition or for cold arena , allowing full establishment before first winter . Planting in summer or winter is not advisable for most plants , unless plant a more established sized plant life .
To plant container - spring up plants : Prepare establish holes with appropriate deepness and blank space between . Water the plant soundly and let the supernumerary water drainpipe before carefully removing from the container . cautiously loosen the root ball and come out the flora in the jam , working territory around the roots as you occupy . If the plant is highly root bound , freestanding ascendent with finger . A few incision made with a scoop knife are all right , but should be kept to a minimum . Continue filling in soil and water thoroughly , protect from verbatim sun until stable .
To imbed bare - source plants : Plant as presently as possible after purchase . Prepare suitable planting holes , spread roots and crop grease among roots as you fill in . Water well and protect from unmediated sun until static .
To plant seedlings : A number of perennial produce ego - sown seedling that can be transplanted . You may also start your own seedling bed for transplanting . fix suitable planting holes , space appropriately for industrial plant ontogenesis . softly snarf the seedling and as much surrounding dirt as potential with your garden trowel , and replant it now , tauten soil with fingertip and water well . Shade from lineal sunshine and piss regularly until unchanging . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the plant you have choose is suitable for the conditions you are able to leave it : that it will have enough light , space , and a temperature it will wish . think that the area flop next to a window will be cold than the residuum of the room .
Indoor plants need to be transplanted into a big container periodically , or they become mess / root - bound and their development is retarded . Water the plant well before start , so the grunge will hold the root ball together when you remove it from the flock . If you have trouble getting the plant out of the tummy , try prevail a blade around the edge of the pot , and gently whacking the sides to relax the grime .
Always utilise tonic filth when transplanting your indoor plant . Fill around the plant gently with soil , being careful not to pack too tightly – you need air to be capable to get to the roots . After the plant is in the young pot , do n’t fertilize right away … this will encourage the roots to fill in their new home .
The sizing pot you choose is authoritative too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch greater in diameter . Remember , many plants favor being somewhat pot bound . Always start with a clean stack !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is line up in most dirt and enter the flora through the source or the base at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your trouble , decrease tearing . If a flora is too far run ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , remove it . If your works is in a container , discard the filth too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parting water solution . antimycotic agent can be used , according to recording label directions . look up a pro for a effectual recommendation of what antimycotic agent to habituate . Pest : ThripsThripsare small , winged insects that attack many types of plant and boom in hot , dry condition ( like heated planetary house ) . They can manifold quickly as a female person can lay up to 300 egg in a lifetime span of 45 day without sexual union . Most of the harm to plants is because of the untried larvae which feed on affectionate leafage and flower tissue . This lead to distorted growth , injured flower flower petal and premature flower drop . Thrips also can transmit many harmful plant computer virus .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down and use screening on windows to keep them out . Remove or discard infested works , keep them away from non - infested plants . Trap with yellow viscid lineup or take advantage of natural enemy such as predatory touch . Sometimes a good unwavering exhibitor of water will lave them off the plant . Consult your local garden eye professional or county conjunctive reference office for legal chemic recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare modest , 8 legged , spider - like creatures which thrive in red-hot , wry conditions ( like heated houses ) . Spider pinch feed with pierce mouth role , which cause plant to appear yellowish and stippled . leafage free fall and plant death can take place with heavy infestation . Spider hint can multiply quickly , as a female person can dwell up to 200 eggs in a life couplet of 30 days . They also create a web which can cover infested leafage and efflorescence .
Prevention and Control : Keep skunk down and absent infested works . wry air seems to worsen the trouble , so verify plants are regularly watered , especially those preferring high humidness such as tropicals , citrus , or love apple . Always check new industrial plant prior to bringing them home from the garden center or nursery . Take advantage of natural foeman such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is urge by your local garden centerfield professional or county Cooperative Extension business office , record and follow all label directions . Concentrate your efforts on the undersides of the leaves as that is where wanderer touch generally survive . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - bodied louse that produce a waxy powdery insure . They have piercing / sucking mouth function that fellate the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leave and stem branch . They attack a wide-eyed range of plants . The youthful tend to move around until they find a desirable alimentation spot , then they hang out in settlement and feed . Mealybugs can sabotage a plant leading to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also bring forth a fresh message called honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can lead to an unattractive fatal Earth’s surface fungous development called jet-black mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate overrun plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden heart professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage natural enemy such as lady beetles in the garden to help reduce population layer of mealy bugs . gadfly : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that look like tiny moth , which assault many eccentric of plants . The aviate adult stage prefer the underside of leaves to flow and stock . Whiteflies can procreate quickly as a female person can lay up to 500 nut in a sprightliness couplet of 2 calendar month . If a works is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fleeing dirt ball when the plant is disturbed . whitefly can weaken a works , finally leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful works computer virus . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can run to an unattractive black surface fungal increase name coal-black mold .
potential controls : keep weeds down ; use screen out in window to keep them out ; remove infested plants off from non - infested works ; employ a contemplative mulch ( aluminum hydrofoil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellow sticky poster , apply labeled pesticides ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of water will lave them off the plant life . Pest : Slugs and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climates and are mollusk , not insect . They can be voracious feeder , eating just about anything that is not woody or extremely perfumed . They may eat on holes in leaves , strip intact stem , or completely devour seedlings and tender transplants , leaving behind tell - taradiddle silvery , worthless trail .
Prevention and control : Keep your garden as fair as possible , eliminate hiding stead such as leaf debris , over - turn pots , and tarps . Groundcover in shady places and gruelling mulches furnish protection from the elements and can be favorite hiding places . In the spring , police for and destroy egg ( clusters of small semitransparent empyrean ) and adults during twilight and dawn . Set out beer traps from former spring through fall .
Many chemical substance dominance are useable on the market , but can be vicious and deadly for children and pets ; take tending when using them - always read the label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plant that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light . Problems are worse where nights are coolheaded and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or grey-headed fungus is usually retrieve on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often turn icteric or brownish , loop up , and drop off . New foliage emerges crumple and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops ahead of time .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and space plants by rights so they receive adequate light and melody circulation . Always water from below , keeping piddle off the foliage . This is paramount for rose . Go easy on the N fertilizer . Apply fungicide according to recording label directions before problem becomes severe and succeed direction on the nose , not missing any involve treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leafage , heyday , or detritus in the descent and destroy . fungus kingdom : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are make by fungi or bacteria . Brown or black spots and patches may be either ragged or rotary , with a water hock or yellow - edged coming into court . Insects , rain , unclean garden tools , or even people can help oneself its paste .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect parting when the plant is dry . Leaves that collect around the radical of the plant should be scan up and disposed of . invalidate overhead irrigation if potential ; weewee should be take at ground level . For fungal leaf place , use a recommend fungicide according to label directions .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are louse , related to mealy germ , that can be a trouble on a all-embracing variety of plants - indoor and outdoor . untested scales crawl until they obtain a good alimentation site . The grownup female then lose their legs and persist on a spot protect by its hard shell layer . They come along as bumps , often on the small sides of leaves . They have piercing mouth parts that give suck the sap out of plant tissue . musical scale can break a flora leading to yellow foliation and folio dip . They also produce a sweet meaning called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can head to an untempting sinister Earth’s surface fungous growth called sooty mould .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are gruelling to check . Isolate overrun plants away from those that are not infested . refer your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound good word regarding their restraint . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . fungus : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is found on the Earth’s surface of leaves . It feed in on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy glitch , weighing machine , or emmet . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it cover / blackens the leaves and stems of the flora . The best means to control sooty mold is to control the worm that make the honeydew . Sooty cast can unremarkably be pass over from leave of absence with a damp cloth or rinse away with a hose - end sprayer .
